6 10 581 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/15/124/DSC_0038.JPG ad420963502b58af1df7678e3e05e36e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Buddhist Holy Land Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Derek F. Maher Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 123 Subject The topic of the resource 123 Description An account of the resource Sravasti: Jetavana Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Derek F. Maher Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Sravasti/DA Jetavana Stills/DSC_0038.JPG Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 5/29/2016 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser in Ireland Subject The topic of the resource Spenser in Ireland Description An account of the resource Spenser's time in Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Parrish Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4-16-18 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. “Biography.” Spenser Online, http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/spenseronline/scholarly-resources/biography/. Accessed March 2018. Hadfield, Andrew. Edmund Spenser: A Life. Oxford UP, 2012. Judson, Alexander C. The Life of Edmund Spenser. Edited by Greenlaw, E., Osgood, C.G., Padelford, F.M., Heffner, R.Oxford UP, 1945. Maley, Willy. A Spenser Chronology. MacMillian, 1994. Spenser, Edmund. Selected Letters and Other Papers. Edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher, Oxford UP, 2009. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1587 Subject The topic of the resource 1587 Description An account of the resource Spenser was “involved in the illegal seizure of a Spanish carvel full of Canary wines, which had been captured by the Tomas Bonaventure, a ship owned by the London merchant Thomas Cordell.” The carvel had been blown off course and put into harbor on the Dingle Peninsula. It was sailed to Cork and looted of its cargo under Spenser's command, along with his fellow undertaker, William Herbert, and the Norris brothers. “When Cordell and his fellow merchants discovered what had happened, they immediately resorted to legal action. Piracy was common in south-west Ireland, perpetrated especially by crown officials”: “Despite his condemnation of cynical abusers of clerical positions in Mother Hubberds Tale, Spenser undoubtedly did what he felt he had to do.” Perhaps Spenser was prepared to resort to accepting dubious government handouts for personal gain, or, most likely, felt that he, unlike others in England, had earned such benefits in Ireland. There are more examples of possible sharp practice. (Hadfield, 191-92) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser in Ireland Subject The topic of the resource Spenser in Ireland Description An account of the resource Spenser's time in Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Parrish Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4-16-18 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. “Biography.” Spenser Online, http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/spenseronline/scholarly-resources/biography/. Accessed March 2018. Hadfield, Andrew. Edmund Spenser: A Life. Oxford UP, 2012. Judson, Alexander C. The Life of Edmund Spenser. Edited by Greenlaw, E., Osgood, C.G., Padelford, F.M., Heffner, R.Oxford UP, 1945. Maley, Willy. A Spenser Chronology. MacMillian, 1994. Spenser, Edmund. Selected Letters and Other Papers. Edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher, Oxford UP, 2009. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1592-1595 Subject The topic of the resource 1592-1595 Description An account of the resource Sometime between 1592-1595, according to archaeologist Eric Klingelhofer, Kilcolman estate took on an architectural transformation. (Hadfield, 291) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser in Ireland Subject The topic of the resource Spenser in Ireland Description An account of the resource Spenser's time in Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Parrish Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4-16-18 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. “Biography.” Spenser Online, http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/spenseronline/scholarly-resources/biography/. Accessed March 2018. Hadfield, Andrew. Edmund Spenser: A Life. Oxford UP, 2012. Judson, Alexander C. The Life of Edmund Spenser. Edited by Greenlaw, E., Osgood, C.G., Padelford, F.M., Heffner, R.Oxford UP, 1945. Maley, Willy. A Spenser Chronology. MacMillian, 1994. Spenser, Edmund. Selected Letters and Other Papers. Edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher, Oxford UP, 2009. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1593 Subject The topic of the resource 1593 Description An account of the resource At some point in this year, Spenser passes his office of deputy clerk of the Munster Council on to Nicholas Curtis. (Hadfield, 291) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser in Ireland Subject The topic of the resource Spenser in Ireland Description An account of the resource Spenser's time in Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Parrish Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4-16-18 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. “Biography.” Spenser Online, http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/spenseronline/scholarly-resources/biography/. Accessed March 2018. Hadfield, Andrew. Edmund Spenser: A Life. Oxford UP, 2012. Judson, Alexander C. The Life of Edmund Spenser. Edited by Greenlaw, E., Osgood, C.G., Padelford, F.M., Heffner, R.Oxford UP, 1945. Maley, Willy. A Spenser Chronology. MacMillian, 1994. Spenser, Edmund. Selected Letters and Other Papers. Edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher, Oxford UP, 2009. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1597 Subject The topic of the resource 1597 Description An account of the resource Since very little records exist detailing Spenser’s activities in this year, most speculate that Spenser resided quietly at Kilcolman, likely working on his writing and increasing his holding of land while remaining aware of the turmoil that was occurring in other provinces of Ireland. (Judson, 194) Spenser returns to Ireland from England at some point between Christmas 1596 and early 1597. (Hadfield, 361) Sometime in this year Spenser “purchases lands of Renny in south Cork, for £200, for his newborn son Peregrine, and acquires Buttevant Abbey.” (Maley, 70) Hadfield mentions that some suspect Spenser lived for a time and wrote parts of the FQ at the property, Renny, acquired for Peregrine. Spenser’s grandson, Jugolin, occupied the estate in 1668. Additionally, Buttevant Abbey sat near the rivers Awbeg and Bregog, which both played “an important role in the mythological world of Colin Clout and ‘Two Canto of Mutabilitie,’” works Spenser liked engaged in in 1597-98, “further demonstrating what a significant role the landscape played in his imagination.” In addition to Renny and Buttevant Abbey, Spenser likely acquired other properties for the sake of his children’s inheritance. (362-63) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Spenser in Ireland Subject The topic of the resource Spenser in Ireland Description An account of the resource Spenser's time in Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Parrish Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 4-16-18 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. “Biography.” Spenser Online, http://www.english.cam.ac.uk/spenseronline/scholarly-resources/biography/. Accessed March 2018. Hadfield, Andrew. Edmund Spenser: A Life. Oxford UP, 2012. Judson, Alexander C. The Life of Edmund Spenser. Edited by Greenlaw, E., Osgood, C.G., Padelford, F.M., Heffner, R.Oxford UP, 1945. Maley, Willy. A Spenser Chronology. MacMillian, 1994. Spenser, Edmund. Selected Letters and Other Papers. Edited by Christopher Burlinson and Andrew Zurcher, Oxford UP, 2009. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1598 Subject The topic of the resource 1598 Description An account of the resource “Estimates indicate that by 1598 there were only 3,000 English settlers instead of the 8,000 planned, and that the English lived as isolated farmers in an overwhelmingly hostile environment, ‘vulnerable to an uprising of the native population.’” (Hadfield, 364) https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/570/1992_Olympics_medal.jpg ba24382ce80ba4a497e1e73762d75be8 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/570/Estadi_Olimpic_Lluis_Companys_-_Barcelona_Spain_-_Jan_2007.jpg 38764de1dafd3f9a38bea23752a4aba2 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/570/Palau_San_Jordi_Torre_Calatrava_Barcelona.jpg 85c4fc80ef6f64cc84f2c5d048e2c194 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/570/Palmer_Brooke_1992_Olympics.m4a 7c4ac2e0beb7093d26e18d38e532d451 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/570/1992_Olympics_-_Brooke_Palmer.pdf 7947238b588dfb2cee5e4e3d79405e7b PDF Text Text 1992 Olympic Games In 1992, it was time for the countries of the world to take part in another Olympic Games. That year, it was being hosted in Spain’s coastal city of Barcelona. The city is no stranger to the hostess role when it comes to internationally scaled events; they had previously hosted two International Exhibitions. However, this would be the largest event they would host to date. Located towards the southern part of Barcelona, the construction of the Olympic stadium and villages sparked a pretty large urbanization change. In fact, it was the third “building boom” in Catalan history to restore and refigure Barcelona (Hughes 2004: 38). Robert Hughes, author of Barcelona: The Great Enchantress states that Catalan building booms tend to “defy common sense”; this includes building and elaborating the city beyond financial means and, in the case of the Olympics, relocating some of the citizens (Hughes 2004: 39-40). Vila Olimpica, or Nova Icaria as it is known today, specifically required a complete reorganization of buildings, beaches, and architect's parks (Kent 2002: 234). If Barcelona was aware that hosting the Olympics would cause lavish amounts of renovation and trouble among their citizens, one may wonder why Barcelona dawned the task of holding the Olympics in the first place. When the Olympic structures were first being planned, Barcelonan’s took it as a chance to catch up on modernity. After the end of the Franco regime in the late 1970s, they were eager to escape the “grey vestige” Franco left behind (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 2). They also took it as a chance to gain international attention and tourism. While they did gain attention as hosts, there was a, “lack of international attention for the city and its history” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 2). �Unfortunately, it seems that Barcelona encountered more negatives than positives by taking on the hostess job for the Olympics. While there were legitimate intentions behind the construction and execution of the games, it mostly lead to unrecognition and economic drain for the city. Today, the Olympic areas continue to stand as tourist attractions, but it is disappointing that attention came after a time they needed it most. � https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/570/Olympics_-_Camille_Kresz_Benjamin_Fraser_[eds].pdf 0d61482a8aeb8f7cadb95d1af74787d0 PDF Text Text Olympic Games: Urbanization and Controversies One of the biggest and most drastic developments to hit the urban scene of Barcelona was the Olympic games of 1992. The city was awarded the games in 1986 and the preparation started right away, the need for an infrastructure upgrade was urgent. Barcelonans took the Olympic Games as a chance to catch up on modernity. After the end of the Franco regime in the late 1970s, they were eager to escape the “grey vestige” Franco left behind (Hochadel and NietoGalan 2016: 2). Catalunya was bringing back its culture and the Games were a way to show it off to the world, which is why the city was excited and proud. Redesigning a city is no easy task, and it is also not a cheap task. There had to be funding for all the projects that were going on in the city. The central government of Spain recognized the need to upgrade the city for the 1992 Olympic Games. Some believed that “a major international event such as the Olympic Games would be high-jacked once more by the Spanish state, [but] Barcelona was able to gain the world’s attention and to maintain it” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 2). There was a response from the government on the funding of the city overhaul: “the city received substantial financial aid from the central government to prepare the infrastructure needed to host the Olympics in 1992” (McNeil 2002: 247). This funding gave Barcelona the ability to do the upgrading that needed to happen. The city approached this endeavor by embarking upon and rendering many projects, such as new expressways, Olympic stadia, and two communications towers. Encompassed by Sant Andreu in the north, Sant Adriá del Besós in the east, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, and Ciutat Vella in the west, the Poblenou underwent a lofty renovation that commenced in the 1980s that brought upon the reconstruction of one of its districts into the Olympic Village. 1 �Occupying ex-industrial land and extending from the Gothic Quarter into the Mediterranean Sea, six large shopping centers were opened to the public in the years between 1992 and 2002 (McNeill 2002: 247). One of these centers included the Maremagnum, a mall the currently dominates the resting place of an old dockyard, Moll d’Espanya. Within the Maremagnum exists an abundance of stores that are attributed with encouraging “continuous consumption and insulation” from the reality found outside its walls (Sánchez 2000: 295). Its surrounding environment offers much to be seen, and has also been confronted with criticism that accuses it of following the path of many cities in the United States, in which the city is allegedly geared towards gratifying tourists rather than its own people. Antonio Sánchez’s article “Barcelona’s Magic Mirror” talks about the social repercussions that occurred as Barcelona tried to redevelop. He writes about the evolving city and how it turns from a city of nature to something filled with several large shopping malls, luxury leisure centers and tourist attractions.One of his most notable quotes was: “It can be said that Barcelona’s redevelopment has transformed the ailing modern city into a gigantic postmodern mirror reflection an idealized image of itself to local and global audiences alike” (Sánchez 2000: 303). This is a powerful statement; it essentially states that the image of the city is an illusion. Its efforts to revitalize were more concerned with improving how it was portrayed and interpreted rather than with what it truly is. This can be explained through Barcelona’s desire to be recognized as a world leader, often putting on a show so that others would believe they were just as developed. The period of time during and immediately after the Games in 1992 is, however, marked by a series of major crises as well, coinciding with cessation of the flow in public money due to the Olympics and repercussions of a general recession in the global economy. There were also widespread job cuts and the city grew increasingly dependent on wider trends in economic 2 �restructuring. The council pushed forth a number of new projects for development on certain sites in the city that were meant to “balance and spread development through the municipal territory” (McNeill 2002: 247), but instead, these projects put the city at risk for increased gentrification and loss of greenery. The world saw the city as modern and beautiful, but the residents saw the truth and their rights were pushed down to present this image. McNeill writes about how the Olympic have lost their nobility and how the buildings once built for the events now sit unused (McNeill 2002: 257). Are hosting the Olympics a blessing or a curse? Many cities will face an economic downfall after hosting the Olympics. They spent millions of dollars building facilities that will rarely be used after the Olympic are over. Nonetheless, the Olympics and the urbanization they entailed also had benefits, as “the city’s redevelopment has improved not only its aesthetic appearance but also its urban infrastructure and social cohesion” (Sánchez 2000: 305). The modernistic redevelopment of the city has positively affected citizens’ daily lives such as efficient public transport, improved social facilities, and full access to local public spaces. This shows that it is inevitable for a city to undergo urbanization, and in many cases, that may not be a bad thing after all. It is a very difficult thing to determine what the most beneficial thing would be for a city – to succumb to the fact-paced nature of modernism and revamp the landscape in order to fit in with the rest of the world, or to maintain the rich history that renders a city as unique and iconic? Overall, though the games did cause a small economic downfall before and after they were held, the games also brought attention to the city of Barcelona, to Catalunya and to the Spanish State. —Edited by Camille Kresz and Benjamin Fraser with text from Victoria Bishop, Brooke Palmer, Graziella Dominado, Lillie Rhodes, Kendall Schunk, Sarah Spangler and Vyas Jayati 3 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1992 Olympic Games Subject The topic of the resource 1992 Olympic Games Description An account of the resource Barcelona was chosen in 1992 to host the Olympics Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brooke Palmer, Victoria Bishop, Graziella Dominado, Lillie Rhodes, Kendall Schunk, Sarah Spangler, Jayati Vyas, Benjamin Fraser, Camille Kresz Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/27/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image, Sound Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/27/2017 1992 Olympics Barcelona Brooke Palmer Camille Kresz Graziella Dominado Jayati Vyas Kendall Schunk Lillie Rhodes Sarah Spangler Spain Victoria Bishop https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/16/159/DSC_0058.JPG bdc0add403a0a96f314d6fd9bc7d5b26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BHL Kusinagar Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 222 Subject The topic of the resource 222 Description An account of the resource Kushinagar: Mahapari Stupa Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Derek F. Maher Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Kushinagar/DA Mahapari Stupa Stills/DSC_0058.JPG Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 5/29/2016 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/16/160/DSC_0059.JPG ae2b2f0d8318eb3d064aac9f24fe73b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BHL Kusinagar Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 222 Subject The topic of the resource 222 Description An account of the resource Kushinagar: Mahapari Stupa Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Derek F. Maher Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Kushinagar/DA Mahapari Stupa Stills/DSC_0059.JPG Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 5/29/2016 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/16/161/DSC_0061.JPG 773c2e11d5fc8a79c83acfb1302dfe4d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource BHL Kusinagar Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 222 Subject The topic of the resource 222 Description An account of the resource Kushinagar: Mahapari Stupa Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Derek F. Maher Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Kushinagar/DA Mahapari Stupa Stills/DSC_0061.JPG Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 5/29/2016