15 10 581 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/536/OR_Spain-Beach-Barcelona-Barceloneta-773230.jpg 7dcfff85722863fd0e17216db7551eaa https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/536/Palmer_Brooke_La_Barceloneta.m4a 2567df0c5eb6030ffa52e9ca44789097 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/536/Barceloneta_Beach_-_Brooke_Palmer.pdf 44ce425897031ba565e1a220ab8cd833 PDF Text Text Barceloneta Beach Barcelona has undergone many alterations to its cityscape. Robert Hughes, author of Barcelona: The Great Enchantress goes as far as to say that the city, “had been punitively raped and degraded by business, by the unsupervised and opportunistic greed of developers” (Hughes, 2004: 30). One of the major modifications was the development of La Barceloneta in the 18th century. This was as a result of the War of Spanish Succession when the city needed a new area to house those removed from the region where a citadel was to be built (Hall 1997: 126). This area became almost a city within a city, as Barcelonan authority was quick to relocate some of its citizens to a space closer to the sea. Those relocated were moved to La Barceloneta, which was a suburb found right outside the city walls and designed by the architect Prospère de Verboom (Hall 1997: 127). The “historical crisis” of the War of Spanish Succession caused La Barceloneta to form, which is why, as Joan Ramon Resina claims, the city was almost found “anew” in 1715 (Resina 2008: 6). Despite the negative reasons for its creation, La Barceloneta has done well as a suburb. Since it is located on a part of Barcelona’s coast, it became known for its marine capabilities. Its long, narrow streets were home to those who worked beside the ocean, like sailors, fishers, fishmongers, and boat builders (Newsvine). It is a popular tourist attraction to this day, with beaches along the coast and the sight of “centur[y] old multi-story modules that rise up everywhere” (Newsvine). So, while it had a troubled start, La Barceloneta turned out for the better nearly three centuries after its original creation and purpose. �Works Cited Newsvine, Caloz. “Barceloneta - a little history and a side-street ‘show’” Spain: The Blog:. 07 July 2007. Web. 02 October 2016. � https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/536/Barceloneta_Beach_-_Samuel_Alvarado.pdf a2eb1734bd2748a6dd0e60e1e3614313 PDF Text Text Barceloneta Beach The 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona were a pivotal moment for the city and its battered Catalan nationalism. Joan Ramon Resina describes this event as a “historical threshold” for the social transformation that that had been brewing in previous decades (2008: 6). Resina talks primarily about the social implications that the games had in solidifying a cultural identity for the Catalan city that had been defeated by a long history of political attacks. The impacts that the games had on Barcelona are similar to the revival the city had in 1888 with its first Universal Exposition. The exposition served as the first occasion in the modern history of Barcelona where the city’s culture and innovative ideas were displayed on the world stage, a sort of “rite of passage” according to Resina into the big leagues of prominent world powers (2008: 7). In the instance of the 1992 Olympic Games, much like that of the exposition of 1888 yet multiplied by the introduction of technology, the infrastructures built for the games created a whirlwind of economic and cultural changes. It is estimated that $8,012,000,000 (from http://olympicstudies.uab.es/pdf/wp030_eng.pdf) went into the extravagant remodeling of Barcelona’s cityscape in order to revive the infrastructure (and subsequently the Catalan sense of national pride) in preparation for the 1992 Olympic Games. Among these expenditures were 78 kilometers of new roads, the Olympic ring, parking areas, airport and hotel renovations, traffic control systems, various sports facilities and countless others (Brunet 1995: 6-7). Although the investment seems daunting, it is important to note the dramatic changes that Barcelona would quickly see in regard to employment, tourism and most importantly the overall sense of cultural pride. Much like the expansive plans of Cerdà (the architect who expertly laid out the extension from the old village of Barcelona into what is now known as �the Eixample) the city officials and planners for the Olympic Games kept the future of Barcelona in their minds. By demolishing two miles of industrial eyesores along the coast of the Mediterranean, space was created for a manmade beach known as Barceloneta Beach. Not only did this space serve the many visiting athletes and spectators of the Olympic Games – it became a tourist destination for travelers around the world. On this beach stands a monument commissioned for the Olympic Games and executed by German artist Rebecca Horn. This monument, known as “L’Estel Ferit” (The Wounded Shooting Star) acknowledges the history of the Barceloneta area that had been wiped clean in order to create the beachfront. Its twisting stacked cubes made of rusted metal stand prominently over the beach and act as a monument of a recent past. The windows added to the cubes are reminiscent of an old industrial building, yet they create a sort of visual passage from the urban setting of Barcelona into the ocean – essentially the core purpose of the newly laid beachfront area. Another iconic monument that resulted from the 1992 Olympic Games is Frank Gehry’s “Fish.” This enormous fish stands as a celebratory symbol, just outside the newly constructed Hotel Arts overlooking the newly constructed Olympic marina. This monument mimics the energetic motion and sleek form of a fish, utilizing the bright Barcelona sun in order to reflect the structure’s shining gold strips. These two monuments seem to work together in order to illustrate the reinvention of Barcelona. Horn’s tower pays tribute to the “old” Barcelona (weathered metal, unorganized stacked cubes, a static façade) while Gehry’s fish does just the opposite (shining gold, sleek form, organic motion). The Barceloneta Beach destination serves as a constant reminder of the lasting impact that the 1992 Olympic Games had on the city. Barcelona has proven to be a breeding ground for innovation in the field of art and design and the new renovations made here and elsewhere for the Olympic Games proved to be no different. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Barceloneta Beach Subject The topic of the resource Barceloneta Beach Description An account of the resource Barceloneta Beach is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Samuel Alvarado, Brooke Palmer, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image, Sound Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Barcelona Barceloneta Beach Brooke Palmer Samuel Alvarado Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/537/Cerdanyola_del_Valle_s.png a698b9767c13820b24450faee7a602c8 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/537/OR_Cerdanyola-del-Valles-Esglesia_de_Sant_Marti-01.JPG d3f76707d4aee11aa9bcf576ce764650 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/537/Musgrave_Amy_Cerdanyola_del_Valles.m4a 0e27f3f295df6c9cc738bba11f86870b https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/537/Cerdanyola_del_Valles_-_Amy_Musgrave.pdf 3e78c741225eda545e65ea5bbcb89d96 PDF Text Text Cerdanyola del Vallès In No Word From Gurb, by Eduardo Mendoza the narrator begins by telling the reader that he was able to land his spaceship safely. It becomes very clear that he and his companion, Gurb, are not from Earth. They show clear signs of being extraterrestrials. It is explained that they have landed in an area that the locals call “Sardanyola” (1990: 5). This area is more commonly known now as Cerdanyola del Vallès. It is a town that is located on the north side of the Collserola ridge, a mountain range that is in between the rivers Besòs and Llobregat as a part of the Catalan Coastal Range. Cerdanyola del Vallès is the home to the main campus of the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), a public university that is famously known for fostering research. The first human with whom the narrator in No Word From Gurb communicates is a tenured professor from UAB. According to Oliver Hochadel and Agustí Nieto-Galan, Barcelona has always fostered scientific and technological advances (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 1). The Autonomous University of Barcelona is a twenty-first-century example of Barcelona’s continuing contributions to the scientific fields. As for relaxing in Cerdanyola del Vallès, there is always Synchtron Park. It is a business park, but it also contains many green spaces. It is a modern attempt at the famous nineteenth-century urban renewal of Barcelona. Oliver Hochadel and Laura Valls describe the urban renewal as an attempt to bring greenery into the modern world and incorporate it into people’s lives (2016: 26). This is exactly what has been done in Synchtron Park; while it is a place where people work, the interweaving of green spaces allows the people to reconnect with nature in their everyday lives. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cerdanyola del Vallès Subject The topic of the resource Cerdanyola del Vallès Description An account of the resource Cerdanyola del Vallès is located near Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amy Musgrave, BenjaminFraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image, Sound Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Amy Musgrave Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/538/Esplugu_es_de_Llobregat.png 45d79978f932cfe029ed45ec1575bae9 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/538/OR_Esplugues_de_Llobregat.jpg a8f147c6d141b128ffdb8715470e02e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Esplugües de Llobregat https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/538/Esplugues_de_Llobregat_-_Kendall_Schunk.pdf b246c3ccc99180b2a04eca6c9cc01353 PDF Text Text 1 Esplugües de Llobregat Esplugües de Llobregat is a municipality located in southern Barcelona. It houses many historical landmarks such as the palace of Can Cortada, home of famous Catalan author, Baron Malda, as well as Can Cargol, the home of Xavier Corberó, a famous Catalan artist and good friend of Robert Hughes. In his book Barcelona: The Great Enchantress, Hughes wrote of the winding catacombs underneath Can Cargol and the entirety of Esplugües de Llobregat (2004: 5) , which had been dug for both storage and defense during the times of Roman control over the region. Robert Hughes suggested that these caves, which were reminiscent of “the secret labyrinth of a snail shell,” might have been the inspiration for the borough’s name which translates to House of the Snail. While there, Hughes found an old printing press in one of the catacombs’ storage rooms and thought it to be used by radicals during the 17th century to produce Anti-Carlist texts (2004: 5). Oliver Hochadel and Agustí Nieto-Galan discussed Eduardo Mendoza’s novel, The City of Marvels, in which the main character is introduced distributing “anarchist pamphlets to (the) workers” of Barcelona (2016: 1). This theme of demonstrating political activism can be seen throughout the entirety of Barcelona’s history. An example is the Setmana Tràgica or tragic week outlined in a book chapter by Teresa Vilarós. Tragic week is the name for the weeks of July 25 to August 2, 1909 in which there were a number of conflicts between the working class of Barcelona and the Spanish Army (Vilarós 1995: 41). According to Hochadel and Nieto-Galan, many historians view Barcelona as the “world capital of anarchism” as it serves as a strong component of Catalan culture and can be found throughout the city’s history, even in regions as small as Esplugües de Llobregat (2016: 3). 1 � https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/538/Schunk_Kendall_Esplugues_de_Llobregat.m4a 84a64e19fc7831b9563e00d33da0994c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Esplugües de Llobregat Subject The topic of the resource Esplugües de Llobregat Description An account of the resource Esplugües de Llobregat is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kendall Schunk, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image, Sound Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Barcelona Esplugües de Llobregat Kendall Schunk Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/539/Screen_Shot_2017-02-09_at_10.21.52_AM.png 7c65c40e3f4da0f17cf5a082151eabcb https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/539/The_Hospital_De_La_Santa_Creu_-_Tricia_Malcolm.pdf a544caf8abe96373a6a1d8ab39a3ba81 PDF Text Text Hospital de la Santa Creu “If you look North from the fortress mountain of Montjuic […] you will see the emerging mass of the church of the Holy Family, the Sagrada Familia” as told by Sobrer (2002: 205). While Barcelona is known for this beautiful cathedral, it offers more to visitors in the form of architecture. The Hospital de la Santa Creu Sant Pau was one of the many buildings that was planned by Domènech i Montaner (Hughes 2004: 117). The project was assigned to Montaner because the original hospital, Hospital de la Sant Creu (“Holy Cross”) burned to the ground. Hughes claimed that Barcelonans were lucky that this occurred because “Barcelona in 1900 had never had an acceptable hospital” (2004: 117). The new hospital was to be erected in a more hygienic area known as the Eixample (Hughes 2004: 117). The Eixample, as explained by Zarsoso and Martínez-Vidal, “was the beginning of a new medical landscape based on a new approach to the spatial organization of health care architecture” (2016: 90). The hospital has all of their service areas underground which allowed for the patients to be more at ease. Domènech took great care in trying to alleviate the association between hospitals and death (Hughes 2004: 118). This is why the building has no resemblance to an ordinary hospital. To elevate the design further, Montaner installed a skylight, or claraboia, on the roof.,allowing for natural sunlight to enter and brightening the moods of all who arrived. Montaner’s main purpose was to make patients get better and continue on with their lives (Hughes 2004: 119). � https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/539/OR_The_Hospital_de_la_santa_creu_i_sant_pau_-_Tricia_Malcolm.mp4 680772624293b2a64cf8ca0dbdeec0d5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hospital de la Santa Creu Subject The topic of the resource Hospital de la Santa Creu Description An account of the resource The Hospital de la Santa Creu is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tricia Malcom, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Video Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Barcelona Hospital de la Santa Creu Spain Tricia Malcom https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/540/OR_Maremagnum_Complex.jpg e03a276394e96f053f7451af7381ab31 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/540/Maremagnum_Complex_-_Ariel_Fricke.pdf 5f583fd6ec132136c9b819fa45179143 PDF Text Text Maremagnum Complex Moll d’Espanya was a dockyard that was transformed to the Maremagnum Complex in preparation for the 1992 Olympic Games. This complex includes “a shopping mall, aquarium, multi-screen cinema, and open public areas” (Sanchez 2002: 295). The shopping mall is typical in its promotion of consumption for leisure, but atypical in its purpose of connecting interior and exterior spaces. In the front and the back of the mall there are open public spaces for which the structure serves as a passageway. This is an atypical design because postmodern leisure often has a focus on “enclosed, safe environments which guarantee pleasure through continuous consumption and isolation from urban reality outside” (Sanchez 2002: 295). Looking at the exterior open spaces at the Maremagnum Complex, one can see that they serve a purpose slightly different from that of the mall, they do not promote “consumer practices but […] traditional ones such as strolling, chatting” and “playing” (Sanchez 2002: 295). The usage of a place can determine its social role. The typical visitor to the Maremagnum Complex is not a tourist but a student, or an employee of a nearby facility. Visitors determine the “social meaning” of the “urban space” by using it for “everyday activities” rather than functioning as a tourist attraction (Sanchez 2002: 296). The environment “shaped the practices” but these practices “changed the urban environment” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 7) Redevelopment for the 1992 games provided vibrant spaces, such as the Maremagnum Complex, but also caused changes in the urban layout and culture of Barcelona. The city became “catalanised, globalised, informationalised, gentrified, redesigned, and europeanised” (McNeill 2002: 245). On a more colloquial note some say even the “sounds and smells have changed” (McNeil 2002: 245). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Maremagnum Complex Subject The topic of the resource Maremagnum Complex Description An account of the resource The Maremagnum Complex is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ariel Fricke, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Ariel Fricke Barcelona Maremagnum Complex Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/541/Montjuic_Tibidabo_-_Amy_Musgrave.pdf cb47dbe162be44a7d13fcd9e365042b7 PDF Text Text Montjuïc and Tibidabo The city of Barcelona has mountains on two of its sides. The mountains are Montjuïc and the peak of the Collserola range, Tibidabo. Montjuïc is a broad, shallow hill with a nearly flat top. It is believed that its name comes from the words for “hill of Jupiter” (Hughes 2004: 33). Montjuïc was used for agriculture and animal grazing throughout history. The eastern side of the hill has a very sharp drop off from which the entire harbor can be seen. Robert Hughes described Montjuïc in his work Barcelona: The Great Enchantress as “the vantage point from which the whole plain of Barcelona could be seen spreading below” (2004: 4). Throughout history Montjuïc has been home to many fortifications. Currently the Castle of Montjuïc still stands. The military fortress dates back to 1640, but it is currently serving as a civic facility for Barcelona. It has seen many battles, but the government of Barcelona now hopes it can serve as a place for the people to go for cultural activities. Tibidabo is the tallest mountain in the Collserolla mountain range, which also overlooks Barcelona. It is home to The Sacred Heart atop Tibidabo, the first expiatory temple constructed in Barcelona. The idea behind the expiatory temple is that people from all over, and from all backgrounds, can come and confess their sins. It was placed atop the mountain to draw attention and “was clearly meant to impress onlookers near and far” (Sobrer 2002: 206). It was constructed on the Tibidabo so that it could be seen from all angles. The hope was that it would impress onlookers and encourage people to come and repent. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Montjuïc & Tibidabo Subject The topic of the resource Montjuïc & Tibidabo Description An account of the resource Montjuïc and Tibidabo are two mountains located near Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amy Musgrave, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/542/OR_Parc_Diagonal_Mar_-_panoramio_-_sito.rm_[8].jpg 7a052cf2753e5304de8a6df22e3c91c4 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/542/Audio_Recording_1_AshleyWeingartz.m4a 59844b3f3002fbc0728e4a4b7e02405d https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/542/Parc_de_Diagonal_Mar_-_Ashley_Weingartz.pdf 5749defa4deb47b1391941c9bb310d8a PDF Text Text Parc de Diagonal Mar When countries begin to consider hosting large athletic events such as the Olympics, much discussion begins on the features of the given cities being considered to host and what features need to be improved. Leading up to the 1992 Olympics, city officials in Barcelona decided that a large part of their preparation would be centered around adding more green space to the city. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the parks and gardens that were dreamed up in preparation for the 1992 Olympics have become a central part of the Barcelonan way of life. One of the most notable additions of parks to Barcelona since the twenty-first century began has been the Parc de Diagonal Mar. “The city […] has set its sights on the next major urban spectacle to follow in the tradition of the 1888 and 1929 World’s Fairs and the Olympics: a 2004 World Forum for World Cultures to be located in the eastern reaches of the city towards the Besós river” (McNeill 2002: 248). This is the central part of the new extension of the city. Its location is significant in that it is newly developed in an area that was first declared an important park district by the planner Ildefons Cerdà. Now it connects the Mediterranean Sea into an enormous “green lung” that is meant to be “substantial and sustainable” (Kent 2002: 238-39). Today, it seems that the focus on gardens is finally coming to an organized fruition in Barcelona. The people of Barcelona are invested in the parks and the parks conform to the structure of the city. Though parks in Barcelona have gone through many trials and errors, they are finally becoming the center of urban life the way so many have envisioned. “These revitalization projects create the possibility of bringing such obsolete urban spaces back into the city’s consciousness and geographical boundaries, encouraging a rediscovery of the city’s topography” (Sánchez 2016: 301). Had Barcelona not hosted the 1992 Olympics, many of these improvements that greatly enriched the quality of life for the citizens of Barcelona may not have been made (Kent 2002: 230). � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parc de Diagonal Mar Subject The topic of the resource Parc de Diagonal Mar Description An account of the resource The Parc de Diagonal Mar is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ashley Weingartz, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image, Sound Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Ashley Weingartz Barcelona Parc de Diagonal Mar Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/543/OR_Creueta_del_Coll1.jpg 092694b257d3cb16465bf7cdacf26860 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/543/Parc_de_la_Creueta_del_Coll_-_Rachel_Harris.pdf 9b9f1f0e11c482a418006f1ec162e590 PDF Text Text Parc de la Creuta del Coll Parks serve as a reprieve from the hustle and bustle of life. This fact is articulated in the statement that “whenever rapid industrialization occurs; the imagination of a people is altered. Typically, a pastoral ideal reemerges” (Sobrer 2002: 217). Grasping onto this concept, Barcelona created many parks to recreate the ‘mood’ of their overcrowded city. Signed into construction by Josep Martorell and David Mackay, the Parc de La Creueta del Coll began the process of landscaping, design, and planning. Devoid of vast and lust green spaces, the park was saturated with statues. The Parc de La Creueta del Coll is situated within a quarry in the Collserola range. While the terrain is difficult to work and many people were skeptical about how a park can be created from this location, Martorell and David Mackay succeeded. Their success mainly derived from their collaboration with artists. For example, centered in the middle of the park was a cement statue by the artist Eduardo Chillida. Born in the Basque country, he was known for his colossal public installations. It is not a coincidence that he would be sought out since it is evident through his works that he has talent with spatial concerns. With this location, it is important for the sculpture to complement the park—not take away from it. Unlike other parks during this time, it was an ‘architect’s park’. Chillida has been quoted as saying, “my work is a rebellion against gravity” (from an interview with the artist published in Sculpture Magazine). This statement is especially true in regards to the statue in Parc de La Creueta del Coll. Without his defiance of gravity, the park would lack a certain level of awe. His contribution was a sculpture crafted from heavy cement. Using four incredible hefty cables, the sculpture remains in perpetual stagnation as it is suspended over the quarry’s pool. “[T]he Parc de la Creueta del Coll is an artistic tour de force on 16.4 hectares of rugged terrain” (Kent 2002: 233). It gives an impression of stone-cold beauty. �In juxtaposition to architecture parks, there are simple green spaces that function as public spectacles as well. These green spaces permeate a different aura than the Parc de la Creueta del Coll. While the park mentioned is revered for its innovative use of human-made objects and highlights the beauty that can be created solely by humankind, the green parks serve as a reminder of how citizens can be shepherds of nature. In summary, one emphasizes humankind’s domination of materials; the other emphasizes our harmony with the earth. Green space can be considered as monotonous due the repetitive use of bland trees. Especially during the 1980s, these types of parks were “defined by rectilinear plantings of a limited range of palm trees” (Kent 2002: 235). A couple parks notorious for their simplicity are in a close range to the Vila Olímpica. While these parks may not be as strikingly beautiful as the Parc de la Creueta del Coll, they were designed to need little maintenance, and they serve that purpose well, since the potted palms do not have a tendency to overgrow; however, a downfall to primary green parks is the fact that the monolithic impression on citizens reduces the experience of the natural environment, rather than enhance it. In particular, the Parc de la Creueta del Coll was created due to the evolution of Spain from a rural economy to a heavily industrialized nation. When the location of the 1992 Olympics was chosen to be Barcelona, the city’s engineers marveled at how to transform it into something to be envied. They had the onerous task of creating buildings in addition to the added struggle of needing to make sure their ideas addressed the issues of transportation, housing, and public spaces. A complete metamorphosis was needed. To accomplish this, many energy plants were razed to make room for the Parc de la Creueta del Coll. Since it is obvious that “paying attention to how the senses frame our experience of cities invites us to capture a largely ignored aspect of city life that is as significant as their physical structure, namely their ‘character’ or ‘mood’” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galen 2016: 5), the city strove to repossess the beauty that was lost by �previous haphazard urban planning. In conclusion, both the architectural design of parks and green space can function as a bridge between the cityscape and nature. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parc de la Creuta del Coll Subject The topic of the resource Parc de la Creuta del Coll Description An account of the resource The Parc de la Creuta del Coll is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rachel Harris, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Barcelona Parc de la Creuta del Coll Rachel Harris Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/544/OR_Placa_de_catalunya.jpg 7f326860aa7d6c691d4518c178dd9e59 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/544/Placa_de_Catalunya_Samuel_Alvarado.pdf c9c6aa78803747a1e891c2681006894c PDF Text Text Plaça de Catalunya Plaça de Catalunya serves an interesting purpose as the point of intersection between the medieval districts of Barcelona and the modernized expansion known as the Eixample. A popular place for tourists, Plaça Catalunya makes two appearances in the worldrenowned book No Word From Gurb by Barcelonan author Eduardo Mendoza. The main character visits the site to “sit and think on a bench,” noting the swarms of tourists and pigeons that congregate there. In his deconstruction of No Word From Gurb, Jeffrey Oxford describes “both the traffic situation and the massive population of pigeons” as markers of a globalizing city (2004: 81; also Mendoza 1990: 89). The square features several artistic sculptures intended to illustrate the city’s rich history while also highlighting the artistic community that has flourished in Barcelona. The Monument to Francesc Macià found in the plaza is an ode to the Catalan history and one of its many heroes. Macià served as president of the Generalitat de Catalunya from 1931 to 1933, also founding the pro-independent party of Catalunya and serving as president of its Republican Left. The monument, constructed out of travertine marble, concrete, iron and bronze, includes imagery of an upside staircase. Although Catalunya has been repeatedly bombarded by negative forces intending to demolish its infrastructure, the people have managed to uphold their identity and come out on top. This staircase symbolizes the uphill battle faced by the Catalan people, who have had to rebuild their upturned society one step at a time. The staircase is set upon a solid concrete base, a reflection of the sturdiness and resilience that has become synonymous with Catalunya. � https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/544/OR_Alvarado_Plaza_Catalunya.mp4 3ba71827dc0a581d34e2b4e807987c21 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Plaça de Catalunya Subject The topic of the resource Plaça de Catalunya Description An account of the resource The Plaça de Catalunya is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Samuel Alvarado, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/06/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/06/2017 Barcelona Plaça de Catalunya Samuel Alvarado Spain https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/545/OR_port.jpg 7174ea945656237e5dba28ac7e6a3753 https://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/545/Port_-_Victoria_Bishop.pdf e027f5f9a75fdde83ad9eafc9d80d260 PDF Text Text Barcelona’s Port One reason that Barcelona grew as much as it did and as fast as it did was the port. The port has provided many economic opportunities to the city and has been a stepping stone to its growth. In Barcelona: The Great Enchantress Robert Hughes points out that “Barcelona was shaped and its density determined, by the fact that it began as a port and has been one ever since” (2004: 31). Being a port city, Barcelona had the chance to grow, it had the opportunity to become the center of economic activity for the region. In Thomas Hall’s book, Planning Europe’s Capital Cities, Hall discusses how important the port was in making Barcelona the center of trade and industry: “Barcelona’s importance of a port and trading city was growing, and by the middle of the century the town had become a major industrial and trading centre” (Hall 1997: 128). Even today the port has played a big role in economic activity, and the port or docklands was redeveloped for the 1992 Olympics. Antonio Sánchez brings this topic up in his article “Barcelona’s Magic Mirror,” “these zones are often in desperate need of economic and social revitalization if they are to become a dynamic part of the city” (Sánchez 2016: 300). Over time the port has played a huge role in the development of Barcelona, as well as in the day to day activity of the city. Without the port, it is possible that Barcelona would have never developed into the city that it is today. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Port Subject The topic of the resource Port Description An account of the resource The port is located in the South of Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Victoria Bishop, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/09/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/09/2017