http://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/527/OR_Font_de_la_Cascada_-_Parc_de_la_Ciutadella.jpg ba4cdb01c76b2cc19be7b2b78d809e2c http://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/527/Parc_de_la_Ciutadella_-_Ariel_Fricke.pdf f60137129eb13c175fd4ba9e8c6fbd17 PDF Text Text Parc de la Ciutadella The connection between places and scientific discoveries has been explored by historians of science. The attention in this research has been shifted away from “‘traditional’ sites of knowledge such as laboratories, observatories and collections” and toward “sites such as […] hospitals, churches, princely courts, pubs, and coffee house[s]… and many more” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 7). It was found that the location of the site and of the discovery mattered. Visitors to such sites determine the “social meaning” of the “urban space” by using it as a place for “everyday activities” rather than making these discoveries in distant laboratories (Sánchez 2002: 296). The urban environment of Barcelona “shaped the practices […] related to science, technology and medicine” but these practices also “changed the urban environment” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 7). This two-way dynamic relationship between practice and environment helps shape the city and its ideas. In Barcelona there are several specific locations that have “scientific practices” associated with “a particular quarter” or “in a specific urban place” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 7). The significance of these places exists in the minds of society. For example, it matters “where the amusement parks were located, where the Barcelonese visited the museums […], and where the sick sought medical advice and treatments” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 7). These places show “the ways in which scientific knowledge was transferred” (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 7). The Board of Natural Sciences, or The Junta, had these ideas in mind when they created Parc de la Ciutadella. Parc de la Ciutadella was created to be “a space for the popularization of natural history” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 25). The Parc was created with the idea that “Public parks […] were supposed to provide a social remedy” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 27). The “remedy” was the �idea of “social control of the working classes” that they planned to provide in the Parc, “by means of ‘civilized’ entertainment and recreation” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 27). The other agenda behind the panning of the park was to educate its visitors and to popularize the ideas of science. The plan for the Parc was approved in 1872. It was to be located “just north of the city centre” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 25) at the former site of a military fort. The first building in the park was “the enormous Cascada in the northern corner of the Parc” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 29). An artificial lake was also created on the Parc grounds to enhance the natural experience. A major addition came in 1882 when the “the Museu Martorell was inaugurated in the Parc” and became the “first public museum in Barcelona” that was “devoted to natural history and archeology” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 30). The idea for creating a zoo in the Parc de la Ciutadella was a natural one, since exotic animals gifted to the government were already stored there. The inauguration of the zoo took place in 1892. Originally the zoo was owned by Lluís Martí-Codolar and managed by Francesc Darder. They collected “roughly 160 animals” but then “financial difficulties led Martí-Codolar to sell it to the city of Barcelona in the spring of 1892” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 32). Operating costs of the facility were covered by the sale of the animals and of their products. The Parc zoo was small when taken in comparison with other European zoos but was still majorly successful. Due to the success of the zoo, the Junta “advocated the development of the scientific facilities of the Parc” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 34). The idea behind these new developments was to be able to provide the city with a way to combat urban poverty. To do this they tried to show the public the ways they could capitalize on natural resources. The Junta inaugurated an aquarium in 1908. To expand this project, the Fish Laboratory was added in 1909. The �laboratory contained a breeding program and was conceived with the plan “to repopulate the rivers and lakes of Catalonia” (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 38). Municipalities could take advantage of this resource and obtain fish and fish eggs for their rivers and lakes. The many resources and attractions of the Parc led to its popularization. This popularization led to the spread of the ideas and the scientific topics it sought to promote. The public then incorporated these ideas into society but still maintained the constant association with the Parc and its ideas. � http://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/527/Parc_de_la_Ciutadella_-_Andrew_Lee.pdf 2f723bea5330bde75f41e97f1d64ac38 PDF Text Text Parc de la Ciutadella The Parc de la Ciutadella, or Citadel Park, was created by Catholic naturalists to conserve, protect, and popularize natural history for the public. The park contains a life-size mammoth statue that would dwarf most men and women. This is meant to represent the “fragmentary mammoth fossils found in Catalonia since 1883,” to educate those who visited the monument, and most of all, to impress (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 25). The mammoth statue was not the only attraction that the park had to impress visitors. An impressive collection of massive rocks was gathered, each representing both the donations of a “connoisseur” and “the richness and utility of the geological resources” available to the Catalan (Hochadel and Valls 2016: 37). Additional attractions were added to the park over time, including a Fish Laboratory and Zoological Garden. These served two purposes: education and economic growth. Nature could be utilized to teach visitors while simultaneously producing revenue for the Catalan who wanted to preserve their history and identity. The Parc de la Ciutadella also contained the first public museum, Museu Martorell. This reflects a change in the “landscape of Barcelona’s scientific institutions” at the turn of the century (Hochadel and Nieto-Galan 2016: 5). Architecture also evolved greatly with the park’s inception. The Arc de Triomf by Josep Vilaseca “inspired successive generations of Barcelona’s administrators to consider grand events as a means to transform the city in their own image” (Kent 2002: 225). The park’s focus remained on revenue and impressing visitors with attractions rather than their own culture. As a result, while the Parc de la Ciutadella succeeded in bringing history to the people, it may not have succeeded in preserving Catalan culture to the fullest. � http://collections.ecu.edu/files/original/20/527/Lee_Andrew_Parc_de_la_Ciutadella.aiff 07d66dd3f72d28c95711b10c6fd0f6af Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Sights around Barcelona Description An account of the resource The items (text documents, audio, video) used in the collection were created by the students from Fall 2016 HONS 2011.003: Barcelona: An Urban Cultural history class taught by Dr. Benjamin Fraser. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Benjamin Fraser Irina Swain Camille Kresz Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Digital Barcelona Date Created Date of creation of the resource. January 2017 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Irina Swain Camille Kresz Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Parc de la Ciutadella Subject The topic of the resource Parc de la Ciutadella Description An account of the resource The Parc de la Ciutadella, or Citadel Park, was created to conserve, protect, and popularize natural history for the public. It is located in Barcelona, Spain. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ariel Fricke, Andrew Lee, Benjamin Fraser Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Camille Kresz Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/01/2017 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Creative Commons Language A language of the resource English, Spanish Type The nature or genre of the resource Document, Still Image, Sound Date Created Date of creation of the resource. 02/01/2017 Andrew Lee Ariel Fricke Barcelona Parc de la Ciutadella Spain